cow dung
2,4
natural pigment
2
BMW
2,Back cover
vgallery
2
esther mahlangu
3
contents
5
index
5
headings
5
umuzi
6
gateway
6
wall painting
6
courtyard
6
apeldoorn
2
rewind fast forward.za
2,36
induna
4
foreword
7
contemporary art
7
african art
7
traditional art
7
BMW art cars
7
525i
7
Documenta 9 in Kassel germany
7
Sol LeWitt
7
Damien Hirst
7
Ndebele women
7
Kyle Kauffman
8
william kentridge
7
wall painting
7
marlene dumas
7
razor blade
8
south africa
8,1
ceremonies
8
peter clarke
9
spaces
9
landscape
9
forced removal
9
horizon
9
sky
9
overseas
9
about the exhibition
10
discovery
10
1989
10
solo exhibition
10
traditions
10
piece de resistance
10
installation art
10
performance art
10
UCT IRMA STERN MUSEUM
10
curators andries loots
10
curators fred de jager
10
styles and periods
10
old and new
10
natural pigment
8,11,4
biographical sketch
12
biography
12
esther mahlangu
12,13
Nikwambi Mahlangu Najiyana Nostokana
12
born 1935
12,1
Middelburg in Mpumalanga
12
Ndebele women
12
clays
12
cow dung
12
medium
12
started
12
quotes by the artist
12
married
12
sons elias nostokana
12
Mabhoko Weltevrede
12,1
School for Ndebele Art
12
teaching
12
sanctions
12
blanket
12
walked
12
grandmother
12
how did it start
15
beginning
15
Pompidou Centre in Paris france
15
homesteads
15
Botshabelo Ndebele Museum near Middelburg
15
aeroplane
15,14
son Elias
15
mayor of Middelburg Mr Piet Bezuidenhout
15
mealie meal
15
travels
15
Johannesburg International Airport
15
brightly coloured painted murals
15
museum of Angouleme
15
quotes by the artist
15
food
15
esthers house
15
souvenir de paris
15
plane
14
The 1991 BMW art cars Project
16,19
1975 French auctioneer and racing driver Herve Poulain
16
BMW 3.0 CSL
16
Frank Stella
17
Roy Lichtenstein
17
Andy Warhol
17
Louvre in Paris
16
Royal Academy in London
16
New York Whitney Museum of Modern Art
16
BMW 525i model
16,19
black woman artist
16
car door
16
Johan Walker, in his 1990 publication Art in the Age of Mass Media
16
quotes by the artist
16
A Calder
16,17
Frank Stella
17
Roy Lichtenstein
17,18
Andy Warhol
17,18
E Fuchs
17
Robert Rauschenberg
17,18
K Done
17
MJ Nelson
17
C Manrique
17
M Kayama
17
Esther Mahlangu 1991 bmw
17,19
AR Penck
17
S Chia
17
David Hockney
17,18
J Holzer
17
ndebele painting
20
Levinson
20
beadwork patterns
20
origin of designs
20
Ndebele people
20
wall painting
20
Zimbabwe
20
identity
20,21
industrial paints
20
geometric patterns
20
mud
20
cow dung
20
winter season
20
natural pigments
20
initiations
20
mural painting and beadwork
20
style and design
21
durability
21
polygamous
21
1940
21
1950s
21
forced removals of apartheid
21
poverty
21
family occasions
21
figurative elements
21
social
21
stylized designs
22
aeroplanes light bulbs
22
outside world
22
razorblade itjhefana
22
geometric designs
22
tribal rituals
22
1990
22
wall paintings
22
canvas
22
currency
22
quotes by the artist
22
Collectors
22
tradition
22
global economy
22
art market
22
domestic utility items
22
beading and house painting
22
murals
22
beadwork
22
international audience
22
esther as an individual
22
traditional dress
22
traditional artifact
22
contemporary art market
22
medium
22
materials
22
historical context
22
goatskin cape
23
esther in traditional dress
23
inaka
23
itjhefana
23
razor blade design
23
traditional palette
24
red black cow dung ash lime clay
24
chicken feathers
24
brushes
24
1940
25
mud bricks
25
houses
25
roofs reeds grasses
25
natural pigments
25
walk
25
soot
25
olifants wilge elands rivers
25
charcoal
25
kitchen fires
25
ochre brown pink clays
25
limestone white
25
stored
25
cow dung binding agent
25
paints for wall decoration
25
ndzundza
25
commercially manufactured paints
25
1940s
25
durability
25
availability of paints
25
traditional materials
25
packing transportation abroad
25
acrylic paints
25
freedom of colours
25
chicken feathers
25
wall paintings
25
commercial brushes
25
designs
25
unmodulated colour
25
shading
25
lack of perspective
25
rhythm colour line contrasts
25
shape size direction
25
geometric designs from the environment
25
stylized images of items
25
repetitive use
25
visual vocabulary
25
masters of geometry
25
rulers straight edges mathematical instruments
25
parallel lines
25
layout drawings
25
design priciples
26
traditional home umuzi
26
entrance izimpuntwana
26
bold striped patterns
26
white next to black
26
individualized compositions
26
unity rhythm symmetry balance
26
artistic alphabet
26
smaller images
26
complicated structures
26
style
26
abstract style
26
semi figurative style
26
westernization
26
linear patterning
26
wet mud
26
symmetrically and geometrically
26
symbolic meaning
26
protection from evil spirits
26
monochromatic colours
26
endings
26
domestic complex
26
nebo murals black and white diamond type motifs
pedi ntwane
26
van vuuren
26
industrialization industrrialized
26
urban labour markets
26
pretoria johannesburg
26
new design elements cars people animals aeroplanes lights lampposts light bulbs
26
stylized images
26
reasons for adaptation of traditional styles
26,28
2001
27
2002
27
private collections
27
umuzi around the home
27
initiation party
27
1993 anc colours
28
electricity lights telephone poles light switches
27
employment in cities
28
stylistic economy
28
demanding tourist market
28
small artefacts in large numbers
28
changes in design and colours
28
global and domestic travel
28
political changes
28
south african flag
28
corporate patronage
28
logos coca cola bmw
28
beadwork
29
life stages in ndebele culture
29
white clay and seed beads
29
1940
29
european influences
29
lindsay hooper beads
29
beads personal expressive form
29
clothing
29
beaded clothing worn by men
29
initiation ceremonies
29
women away from home
29
status and creativity
29
beads young girls igabe apron
29
waistband
29
after puberty initiation ritual
29
beads isiphephetu stiff front apron
29
beaded isithimba soft skin back apron
29
marriage bride beaded itshogolo goatskin front apron five finger flaps
29
status enriched her beaded itshogolo
29
important ceremonial occasions initiations
29
beaded amaphotho front apron two square flaps married women
29
beaded naga panelled skin cloak brides
29,31
white beads
29
blankets as cloaks
29
beaded ornaments
29
age status fashion
29
isigolwana beaded rings
29
beaded rings foundation of grass cloth
31
nyoka snake band of beadwork brides
31
fertility
31
linga kobe initiation ceremonies of sons long tears
31
older beadwork 1920 1930
31
white beads
31
primary colours in beadwork
31
green and orange in beadwork
31
size of beaded design
31
colour changes among the Ndzundza blues greens purples
31
group identity
31
motifs
31
letters of the alphabet
31
telephone poles razor blades plant forms
31
the house in design gables gateways
31
invluence of prevailing circumstances
31
adoption of new resources of identity
32
2000 beaded panels
32
signing her beadwork em
32
images of beadwork
30,32
interview
33
andries loots and esther mahlangu in conversation
33
success
33
interest in painting
33
style changes earthy tones bright colours
33
itjhefana favourite design razor blade
33
favourite colour
33
ndebele art and contemporary art
33
ndebele art today
34
living conditions after 1994
34
homeland of KwaNdebele
34
future of ndebele art
34
esthers role in ndebele culture
34
school teaching local girls
34
loss of culture
34
ndimande family ndebele foundation foreign funding
34
exploitation of ndebele art
34
galleries outsiders benefit fron ndebele culture
34
image of wall paintings
35
cv resume curriculum vitae
36
studies
36
exhibitions and projects
36
collections
37
awards
38,39
publications references
38
images of works
40,41,42,43
cow dung natural pigment
41,42
pigozzi
43
bibliography
44,45
image of decorated pots
45
acknowledgements
46
acknowledgements
46
sponsors department of arts and culture
46
sponsors peake collection
46
sponsors vaughan and linda beckerling
46
foreword kyle kauffman
46
tribute peter clarke
46
editing antoinette du plessis
46
photography zwelethu mthethwa
46
photography fred de jager
46
bmw public relations
46
information iziko museums lindsay hooper
46
collectors louis and charlotte schachat 46
46
collectors vaughan and linda beckerling
46
collectors aat slot and di pickard
46
collectors willie and evelyn bester
46
image of esther malangu and her house wall painting
47
image of landscape with sign of ndebele art school for children
48
virtual cd internet resources
49
image of my bmw
back cover